Yes. English and French are the working languages of the United Nations Secretariat, used for its day-to-day professional exchanges.
The United Nations Office at Geneva states this distinction in both its multilingualism overview and its language FAQ. It separately lists Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish as the UN's six official languages.
Official languages of the organization and working languages of a particular body are different categories. The Secretariat's arrangement should not be generalized to every UN body or interpreted as meaning that the UN has only two official languages.
The UN has six official languages, while English and French are the Secretariat's working languages.
United Nations Office at Geneva
The multilingualism overview identifies English and French as the Secretariat's working languages for daily professional exchanges.
Based on: United Nations Office at Geneva
United Nations Office at Geneva
The FAQ names English and French as the Secretariat's working languages while separately listing the UN's six official languages. It corroborates the distinction within the same institution, rather than independently.
Based on: United Nations Office at Geneva
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Yes. Article 32 allows the sending state to waive a diplomat's immunity from jurisdiction. The waiver must be express; the diplomat cannot grant it personally.
Yes. Each member state has one vote under Article 18 of the UN Charter. Population does not increase its voting weight, although voting rights can be restricted.
No. An abstention is not a veto. A substantive resolution can pass with at least nine votes in favour and no negative vote from a permanent member.