No. Dogs can distinguish blue and yellow, so their color vision is not restricted to yellow. They have dichromatic vision, meaning their eyes use two types of cone photoreceptors for color perception.
A 1989 study tested color discrimination in three dogs. Its behavioral results supported the presence of two cone pigment classes and dichromatic color vision. A veterinary explanation published by VCA Canada independently describes dogs as able to distinguish blue and yellow.
Dogs do not distinguish the full range of colors that most humans do. Their color discrimination resembles human red-green color blindness. This does not make objects of other colors invisible: those objects can appear in different hues or shades.
Dogs have limited color vision that includes blue and yellow, rather than yellow alone.
Jay Neitz, Timothy Geist and Gerald H. Jacobs
Color discrimination experiments in three dogs supported two cone pigment classes with estimated sensitivity peaks near 429 and 555 nanometers. The results support dichromatic color vision rather than vision restricted to yellow.
Based on: Visual Neuroscience; abstract hosted by PubMed
VCA Canada Animal Hospitals / LifeLearn
A veterinarian-authored explanation states that dogs have two cone types and can distinguish blue and yellow. It compares their color discrimination with human red-green color blindness.
Based on: VCA Canada Animal Hospitals
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